DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOPHISTICATED BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF EV

The development of electric vehicles (EVs), which mainly rely on safe and effective battery systems, has accelerated due to the growing demand for environmentally friendly transportation on a worldwide scale. In orde r to guarantee performance, dependability, and safety, battery activities must be monitored and controlled by a Battery Management System (BMS). In this project, a hybrid STM32 and Arduino-based architecture is used to design and create an advanced BMS for a 48 V (13S) lithium-ion battery pack. The suggested system uses Kalman filter techniques to estimate the State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) while keeping an eye on important battery metrics including cell voltage, current, and temperature. F urthermore, heat, overvoltage, and passive cell balancing protection, and Controller Area Network (CAN) communication are integrated to enhance system efficiency and safety. MATLAB/Simulink simulations validate the accuracy of SOC estimation (±2%) and demo nstrate effective cell balancing (>95% efficiency). The developed BMS ensures improved battery lifespan, operational safety, and compatibility with EV standards, making it a cost-effective and scalable solution for modern electric mobility applications. Ke ywords: Battery Management System (BMS); Electric Vehicle (EV); State of Charge (SOC); State of Health (SOH); STM32 Microcontroller; Arduino; Cell Balancing; Lithium-ion Battery; CAN Communication; MATLAB/Simulink; Fault Detection; Thermal Management; Ener gy Efficiency; Embedded System Design.