10. TRANSFORMER OVERLOAD, OVER-CURRENT AND OVER-TEMPERATURE PROTECTOIN CIRCUIT

This project presents a transformer protection system that includes temperature monitoring and an inverter-based overload protection mechanism. A step-down transformer reduces 230V AC to 24V AC, which is then recti fied and regulated. A buck converter steps down 24V DC to 12V DC, supplying power to an inverter kit that converts 12V DC to 24V AC. The inverter kit features overload protection using IGBT and MOSFETs to safeguard the transformer. A step-up transformer (1 2V-0 - 12V) restores the voltage to 230V AC, and the output is applied to a load bank consisting of three lamps. A temperature sensor is used only for sensing and displaying the temperature of the transformer. It does not send any ON/OFF command or control t he cooling system. Instead, a timer relay is used to operate a 24V DC exhaust fan, which runs based on a preset ON/OFF cycle. This ensures proper cooling of the transformer.