1. OPTIMIZATION OF MILLING OPERATION BY USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE

End milling is the widely used operation for metal removal in a variety of manufacturing industries including the automobile and aerospace sector where quality is an important factor in the production of slots, pockets and molds /dies. End mills are used in milling applications such as profile milling, tracer milling, face milling, and plunging. The end mills are used for light operations like cutting slots, machining accurate holes producing narrow flat surfaces and for profile milling operations. End milling is the operation of machining horizontal or vertical surfaces by using end milling. The operation is usually performed on vertical milling machine. Surface roughness is one of the most important parameters to determine the quality of a product. Surface roughness consists of the fine irregularities of the surface texture, including feed marks generated by the machining process.